Additionally, circulating BCAAs have also been postulated as a predictive biomarker of future type 2 diabetes. In humans, many studies have shown an association between increased circulating levels of BCAAs and obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Studies in humans and animals have yielded conflicting outcomes and conclude that dietary BCAAs and/or blood levels of BCAAs have either positive or negative impacts on body composition and metabolic health. The interaction between BCAAs and health, however, is complex and the literature inconsistent. The relationship between dietary branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), blood levels of BCAAs and their effects on body composition and metabolic health is gaining increasing attention. We show that the effects of BCAAs on metabolic health cannot be studied in isolation but must be considered as part of complex mixture of dietary components. Our data highlights the interaction between BCAAs and background nutrition. Finally, we found that increased dietary BCAAs were associated with increased food intake when the background diet was low in BCAAs. We found that elevated dietary BCAAs increases % body fat, with largest increases in adiposity occurring when BCAAs are increased on a high protein, low carbohydrate dietary background. Effects of dietary BCAAs on plasma glucose, insulin, or HOMA emerged only when dietary macronutrient background was considered. Impaired glucose tolerance was associated with elevated dietary BCAAs, with the greatest effect occurring with a simultaneous increase in total protein intake. These effects, however, were heavily moderated by background dietary levels whereby on high BCAA diets, further increases were not reflected in the blood. ResultsĪcross all studies, increasing dietary BCAAs resulted in increased levels of circulating BCAAs. Here, we used meta-analysis and meta-regression, together with the nutritional modelling, to analyse the results of rodent studies that increased the level of dietary BCAAs and measured circulating levels, outcomes related to metabolic health, body mass and food intake. How dietary BCAA levels and their interaction with background nutrition affect health is unclear. The role of dietary branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their effect on metabolic health is complex.
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